When I started on the path to financial independence I had one goal: to retire early (FIRE). I didn’t realise at the time there would be a sequence of other benefits along the way. These are the milestones of FIRE.
The day you decide to head towards financial independence you reach the first milestone:
1. FI mindset
As soon as you step onto the path to FI the way you see the world will change.
This might be the most important milestone of all. The one with the most benefits.
A huge amount of freedom is yours as soon as you have the strength to step out of the conspicuous consumption game.
It feels like waking up.
You begin to appreciate the simple things in life. To feel a gratitude and appreciation for all the abundance surrounding you.
“People who live far below their means enjoy a freedom that people busy upgrading their lifestyles can’t fathom.”
Naval Ravikant
The simple act of writing down your spending, of actually considering whether or not it is bringing you happiness, leads to the realisation that all the best things in life are free.
A chain reaction begins that leads you to evaluate all the things you’ve previously bought and simplify your life – clearing out anything that no longer provides fulfilment.
The word frugality gets a bad rap. People think frugality means lack or self-denial. One of the surprises I found is that the path to FI is nothing like that at all. You only need to cut out the waste: the spending that gives you no pleasure, no value, and no fulfilment.
Life gets better as you focus your days on the things that truly give you pleasure (and these are often free).
The things and experiences that remain in your life are the very best, the most fulfilling, the most exhilarating, the most valuable, and the most satisfying – and each and every one of them is fully appreciated and fully enjoyed.
2. Debt freedom
As you reduce spending the amount you can save each month increases dramatically.
You can use this money to pay off any non-mortgage debts.
You will also look at purchases in a different way. No longer will that new car be only $500 per month (representative 25% APR – terms and conditions apply). It will be $40,000 and if you don’t have that in cash, or you don’t fancy spending all that cash on a car, you won’t buy it.
At this point I realised I could have all the important features of a new car in a pre-owned car bought for $4000 in cash. With the added benefit of not being so precious about it – so attached – less owned by the object.
When you take on debt you become a slave to your past self’s decisions. They got the pleasure of the purchase and you’re left working for years to pay for it.
Debt freedom gives the first peace-of-mind milestone. You will feel a deep calm settle within you.
With no more debt payments your savings will accelerate. The snowball of your wealth will start to grow bigger and roll faster.
3. One month’s grace
Next up, you’ll soon have one month’s spending saved up. Seeing your FI fund grow provides the motivation to look for additional efficiency improvements and cut ever more waste from your spending.
Every $1 you cut from your annual spending reduces the FI fund you need by $25 or $33 (depending on the safe withdrawal rate you choose). Small improvements make a big difference.
4. One year’s grace
Now you’ve got options. Reaching the point where you have a whole year’s spending covered gives you additional peace of mind. All those common fears begin to fade as you have bought yourself plenty of time to change direction, change career, or start something new.
5. Mortgage freedom
Congratulations you’ve just cleared one of your biggest expenses and given yourself additional options. You could rent out your house for additional income while you travel the world. You could downsize to a smaller house if you wanted to, giving you another safety net.
Every time you pay off some of your mortgage it is equivalent to saving at the mortgage interest rate tax-free. When you overpay you reduce both the remaining time and the total amount you’ll have to repay.
In some places it makes financial sense to rent rather than buy. If this is your situation you also benefit from the freedom to easily move to a better value area or country to lower your annual spending.
6. The plateau
At some point on your FI journey you will have almost fully-optimised your spending (there is always room for improvement, but with diminishing returns).
Your debt is cleared. Your savings rate is high. You know that most of the best things in life are free.
Life is good but you’re not financially independent yet. You have to keep heading to work, selling your time for money, while your FI pot grows.
You are becoming wealthy. There may be no externally visible sign that this is the case – but it is true nonetheless.
It is best to put your focus elsewhere for this bit. Build the lifestyle you would like to live post FI:
Focus on learning, creative pursuits, improving skills, health, fitness, exploring the beautiful world, and spending time with those you love.
The plateau can be a few years long. Stay the course. This is what it feels like to become rich enough.
7. Ten to Twenty year’s grace
One day you find you have ten to twenty years annual spending invested!
You’re still not FI, but this feels very good. This is FU money. You will begin to live life on your terms. Personally important things take precedence.
8. Base FI
At some point on the way to an FI pot of 25x annual spending (4% safe withdrawal rate) to 33x annual spending (3% safe withdrawal rate), you will realise that you’ve reached what we’ll call Base FI.
Base FI is the point where all your core spending (on water, food, shelter, heating, energy) is completely covered for life by the passive income from your FI pot.
Beyond this point, you will be adding each of the good things from your current lifestyle back into your post-early-retirement lifestyle.
It’s like a TV game show:
“Now you’ve won …”
- one-book-per-month for life
- music streaming
- movie-streaming
- the car
- one week’s vacation per year
- a month of travelling
- …
All covered for life by the passive income from your FI funds.
9. Part-time option
There is a point where you can choose to reduce your hours and begin to work part-time. While this will impact how long it takes to reach financial independence, it gives a possible cross-over route into retiring early. You gain additional free time in your life. You get to trial some of your post FIRE plans.
10. FI (current lifestyle)
This is it. The big one. You know the lifestyle that you love, the one that includes all the things you value, all the things that provide fulfilment. You can now live that way for the rest of your life, without ever swapping your time for money again.
You can choose how you spend the rest of your life. You can choose creative projects without the need for them to generate income.
You have bought yourself freedom.
You might decide to retire early as soon as you hit your number, but even if you continue to work towards some of the levels beyond, everything will have changed. Once you reach FI, you are completely free in your mind.
11. FI+ (safety margin)
After reaching 25x annual spending invested in your FI investments (based on a 4% safe withdrawal rate) you might want to carry on and aim for 33x (3% safe withdrawal rate).
Any extra invested savings give you a safety margin. A way of handling changes in the future. These additional savings can mitigate the sequence-of-return risk coming from a bad first decade of stock market performance or high inflation.
Each month you go beyond FI into FI+ builds your financial strength.
12. FIRE
You have retired early. You have built financial independence and now you are free.
At this point you get to choose what to do with the rest of your life:
You could travel the world, or learn guitar, be more present for your family, or begin to teach something you love, finish the house, or build something new, sail away into the open ocean, or climb a mountain, go diving on a reef, or learn to paint, you could become fluent in a foreign language, or focus on your fitness, you could start a business, or spend more time on your hobbies, you could volunteer, or plant some trees, you could create art, or write a book, take award winning photos, or learn to fly …
Or you could do all of these things and more.
The choice is yours but you now have the conn.
Through hard work and discipline you’ve stepped off the well-worn path and into the unknown.
It is time to enjoy new adventures 🙂